Bugatti Veyron

Bugatti Veyron 16.4
Manufacturer	Bugatti Automobiles SAS
Parent company	Volkswagen AG
Production	2006– 300 cars
Predecessor	Bugatti EB110
Class	Supercar
Body style(s)	2-door Mid-4WD coupé
Engine(s)	8.0 L quad-turbo W16
Transmission(s)	7-speed dual clutch sequential manual
Wheelbase	2710 mm (106.3 in)
Length	4462 mm (175.8 in)
Width	1998 mm (78.7 in)
Height	1206 mm (47.5 in)
Curb weight	1888 kg (4162 lb)

The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 is currently the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive street-legal full production car in the world, with a proven top speed of over 400 km/h (407.5 km/h or 253.2 mph), though several faster or more expensive vehicles have been produced on a limited basis.^[1] It reached full production in September 2005. The car is built by Volkswagen AG subsidiary Bugatti Automobiles SAS in its Molsheim (Alsace, France) factory and is sold under the legendary Italian/French Bugatti marque. It is named after French racing driver Pierre Veyron, who won the 24 hours of Le Mans in 1939 while racing for the original Bugatti firm. It is also the world's second, modern, supercar with 16 cylinders, after the Cizeta Moroder V16T.

History

Development of the vehicle began with the 1999 EB 18/4 "Veyron" concept car. Introduced at the Tokyo Motor Show, it was similar in design and appearance to the final Veyron production car. One major difference was the EB 18/4's use of a W18 engine with three banks of six cylinders. The Veyron's head designer was Hartmut Warkuss with exterior designed by Jozef Kabaň of Volkswagen rather than Giorgetto Giugiaro of ItalDesign who had handled the three prior Bugatti concepts.

VW chairman Ferdinand Piëch announced the production Veyron at the 2000 Geneva Motor Show. It was promised to be the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive car in history. Instead of the W18, the production model would use a VR6/WR8-style W16 engine. First seen in the 1999 Bentley Hunaudieres concept car, the W16 would get four turbochargers, producing a quoted 1001 horsepower (see engine section for details on the power output). Top speed was promised at 407 km/h (253 mph), and pricing was announced at €1 million (US$1.3 million at the time).

Development continued throughout 2001 and the EB 16/4 Veyron was promoted to "advanced concept" status. In late 2001, Bugatti announced that the car, officially called the Bugatti Veyron 16.4, would go into production in 2003. However, the car experienced significant problems during development. Achieving the required high-speed stability was difficult - one prototype was destroyed in a crash and another spun out during a public demonstration at the Monterey Historics event in Mazda Raceway at Laguna Seca. Production of the Veyron was delayed pending resolution of these and other issues.

Piëch retired that year as chairman of the Volkswagen Group and was replaced by Bernd Pischetsrieder. The new chairman promptly sent the Veyron back to the drawing board for major revisions. Neumann was replaced as Bugatti president by Thomas Bscher in December 2003, and substantial modifications were made to the Veyron under the guidance of former VW engineer, Bugatti Engineering head Wolfgang Schreiber.

After the release of the car, it has been reported that while each Veyron is being sold for £840,000, the production costs of the car are approximately £5 million per vehicle. This is not the price to produce one vehicle, but rather the cost of the entire Veyron project divided by the number of vehicles produced at that time. As Bugatti, and therefore Volkswagen, are making such a loss, it has been likened by automotive journalist Jeremy Clarkson and his Top Gear programme team in their story on it to the Concorde, in that both were test-beds for advancements in technology and developed as exercises in engineering rather than profit.

In the case of the Veyron, it will be several years before Volkswagen will be able to see if their investment in developing ground-breaking technology has paid off. One key measure is how much (if any) of the technology developed for the Veyron finds use in mass-produced cars.

Specifications

the W16 engine

The Veyron features a W16 engine—16 cylinders in 4 banks of 4 cylinders, or the equivalent of two narrow-angle V8 engines mated in a "W" configuration. Each cylinder has 4 valves, for a total of 64, but the narrow V8 configuration allows two camshafts to drive two banks of cylinders so only 4 camshafts are needed. The engine is fed by four turbochargers, and it displaces 8.0 L (7,993 cc/488 in³) with a square 86 by 86 mm bore and stroke.

Putting this power to the ground is a dual-clutch DSG computer-controlled manual transmission with 7 gear ratios via shifter paddles behind the steering wheel boasting an 8 ms shift time. The Veyron can be driven by full automatic transmission. The Veyron also features full-time all-wheel drive based on the Haldex system. It uses special Michelin run-flat tires designed specifically for the Veyron to accommodate the vehicle's top speed.

Curb weight is estimated at 4,160 lb (1890 kg). This gives the car a power to weight ratio of 529 bhp/tonne.

The car's wheelbase is 2710 mm (106.3 in). Overall length is 4462 mm (175.8 in). It measures 1998 mm (78.7 in) wide and 1206 mm (47.5 in) tall.

The Bugatti Veyron has a total of 10 radiators.

• 3 radiators for the engine cooling system.
• 1 heat exchanger for the air to liquid intercoolers.
• 2 for the air conditioning system.
• 1 transmission oil radiator.
• 1 differential oil radiator.
• 1 engine oil radiator.
• 1 hydraulic oil radiator for the spoiler.

Performance

The key

According to Volkswagen, the final production Veyron engine produces between 1020 and 1040 metric hp (1006 to 1026 SAE net hp), so the car will be advertised as producing "1001 horsepower" in both the US and European markets. This makes it the most powerful production road-car engine in history. Peak torque is 1250 N·m (922 ft·lbf).

Top speed was initially promised to be 406 km/h (252 mph), but test versions were unstable at that speed, forcing a redesign of the aerodynamics. In May 2005, a prototype Veyron tested at a Volkswagen track near Wolfsburg, Germany, and recorded an electronically limited top speed of 400 km/h (249 mph). In October, 2005, Car and Driver magazine's editor Csaba Csere test drove the final production version of the Veyron for the November 2005 issue. This test, at Volkswagen's Ehra-Lessien test track, reached a top speed of 407.5 km/h (253.2 mph). The top speed was verified once again by James May on Top Gear, again at Volkswagen's private test track. When getting close to the top speed during the test he said that "the tires will only last for about fifteen minutes, but it's okay because the fuel runs out in twelve." He also gave an indication of the power requirements, at 249 km/h (155 mph) the Veyron was using approximately 270 BHP (201 kW), but to get to its rated 407 km/h (253 mph) top speed required far more from the engine. The power required to overcome aerodynamic friction is proportional to the cube of the speed. Therefore, to go twice the speed, you need eight times the power.

The Veyron's hydraulic spoiler

The Veyron is the quickest production car to reach 100 km/h (62 mph) with an estimated time of 2.5 seconds, according to the manufacturer. It reaches 60 mph in approximately 2.46 seconds. It also reaches 200 and 300 km/h (124 and 186 mph) in 7.3 and 16.7 seconds respectively. This makes the Veyron the quickest accelerating production car in history. It also consumes more fuel than any other production car, using 40.4 L/100 km (5.82 mpg) in city driving and 24.1 L/100 km (10 mpg) in combined cycle. At full throttle, it uses more than 125 L/100 km (2.1 mpg), which would empty its 100 L (26.4 gallon) fuel tank in just 12.5 minutes. The car's everyday top speed is listed at 377 km/h (234 mph). When the car reaches 220 km/h (137 mph), hydraulics lower the car until it has a ground clearance of about 8.9 cm (3½ inches). At the same time, the wing and spoiler deploy. This is the "handling" mode, in which the wing helps provide 770 pounds (3425 newtons) of downforce, holding the car to the road.^[2] The driver must, using a special key (the "Top Speed Key"), toggle the lock to the left of his seat in order to use the maximum speed of 407.5 km/h (253.2 mph). The key functions only when the vehicle is at a stop when a checklist then establishes whether the car—and its driver—are ready to enable 'top speed' mode. If all systems are go, the rear spoiler retracts, the front air diffusers close and the ground clearance, normally 12.4 cm (4.9 inches), drops to 6.6 cm (2.6 inches).

The Veyron's brakes utilize unique cross-drilled and turbine-vented carbon rotors, which draw in cooling air to reduce fade. Each caliper has eight^[2] titanium pistons. Bugatti claims maximum deceleration of 1.3 g on road tires. Prototypes have been subjected to repeated 1.0 g braking from 194 to 50 mph (312 to 80 km/h) without fade. With the car's fearsome acceleration from 50 to 194 mph (80 to 312 km/h), that test can be performed every 22 seconds. At speeds above 124 mph (200 km/h), the rear wing also acts as an airbrake, snapping to a 70-degree angle in 0.4 seconds once brakes are applied, providing 0.5 g (4.9 m/s²) of deceleration.^[2] Bugatti claims the Veyron will brake from 252 mph (402 km/h) to a standstill in less than 10 seconds.^[2] The braking is also so evenly applied that the car will not deviate from a straight path if the driver lets go of the steering wheel, even with the brakes fully applied starting from close to top speed.

Previews

Gordon Murray, designer of the McLaren F1 (which for many years was the fastest production car ever built) said the following about the Bugatti Veyron in UK auto magazine evo during its development period:

"The most pointless exercise on the planet has got to be this four-wheel-drive 1000 horsepower Bugatti. I think it’s incredibly childish this thing people have about just one element—top speed or standing kilometre or 0-60. It’s about as narrow minded as you can get as a car designer to pick on one element. It’s like saying we’re going to beat the original Mini because we’re going to make a car 10 mph faster on its top speed—but it's two foot longer and 200 kilos heavier. That’s not car designing—that just reeks of a company who are paranoid."

Murray was impressed with the Veyron after he test drove one, nearly praising it in an article he wrote about it in Road and Track magazine.

Reviews

After the car had reached production, Murray went on to write an article for another UK auto magazine, Top Gear, retracting a lot of his past criticism of the car.

"One really good thing, and I simply never expected this, is that it does change direction. It hardly feels its weight. Driving it on a circuit I expected a sack of cement, but you can really throw it at tight chicanes."

He also declared in the article that: "The braking is phenomenal, the primary ride and body control are good too" and "It's a huge achievement."^{[citation needed]}

The trend of backtracking on negative comments about the Veyron continued when prominent UK car show host Jeremy Clarkson declared on Top Gear that it was "The best car ever made" after initially saying it was ridiculous and would never exist.[1] He would later extend this by saying he would spend the night with British reality TV star Jade Goody (whom Clarkson strongly dislikes^[3]) to get his hands on one. Additionally, Clarkson described the car as "Utterly, stunningly, mind blowingly, jaw droppingly brilliant."

The Veyron was then proclaimed the Top Gear Magazine Car of the Year along with the Toyota Aygo and the Peugeot 107 and Citroën C1.

The Veyron was also declared the Grand Award winner for the Autotech category of 2006 by Popular Science magazine....

Official unveiling

The production Veyron was shown for the first time on October 19, 2005 at the Tokyo Motor Show. The official United States launch for the production version occurred at the 2006 Los Angeles International Auto Show in January. Visual differences between the prototype and production Veyrons are slight, but noticeable marks include the addition of marker lights or reflectors on the front fenders and a more pronounced "dorsal spine" on the hood (reminiscent of the Bugatti Atlantic), especially near the windshield.

Six Veyrons were sold at the 2005 Dubai Motor Show in December, reportedly including the demonstration models used on the stands there. These would be the first reported private sales of the car.

Sales and service

A Veyron at the 2004 Paris Motor Show

Bugatti originally planned to build 300 Veyrons over five years. In March 2006, Bugatti president Bscher claimed to have 70 firm orders, selling out 14 months of production. In response, the company is reportedly speeding up production, with all 70 cars expected to be built in 2006. Bscher also reported that 14 cars have been completed and most will be shipped to the United States. It is not clear how many are in the hands of customers.

The cars will be sold directly from the factory to customers or at 20 Bentley dealers worldwide. These include dealerships in Beverly Hills, London, Miami, Riyadh, San Diego, Troy, Pasadena, Greenwich.

Maintenance will be possible at Bentley dealerships, but repair service will require a flown-in mechanic, whom the company promises will be available 24 hours a day.

Final numbers

Numbers are according to manufacturer, and may be significantly different from tested performance.

Vehicle type: mid-engine, all-wheel-drive, 2-passenger, 2-door coupe
Base Price: € 1,127,210 (£757 359, $1,440,800)
Engine type: quad-turbocharged and intercooled DOHC 64-valve W-16, aluminium block and heads, direct fuel injection
Displacement: 7993 cm³ (488.8 in³)
Performance Ratings as Tested :

• Zero to 60 mph (97 km/h): 2.5 s
• Zero to 100 mph (161 km/h): 6.0 s
• Zero to 150 mph (241 km/h): 11.0 s
• Zero to 200 mph (322 km/h): 22.0 s
• Standing Quarter-Mile / 402 Meter: 10.2 sec @ 143 mph s
• Zero to 100 km/h: 2.5 s
• Zero to 200 km/h: 7.3 s
• Zero to 300 km/h: 16.7 s
• Zero to 400 km/h: 55 s

Top speed (Electronically Limited): 253 mph (407.5 km/h)
Theoretical Top Speed: 257 mph (414 km/h)

Best Record: 257 mph (414 km/h)

Fuel economy :

• EPA city driving: 7 mpg U.S. (34 L/100 km)
• EPA highway driving: 10 mpg U.S. (24 L/100 km)

Trivia

• According to Jeremy Clarkson, the host of Top Gear, if the McLaren F1 were allowed to reach 120 mph before the Bugatti started, the Bugatti would still be the first to reach 200 mph.
• In one of Top Gear's races, Richard Hammond and James May attempted to beat Clarkson in a race across Europe using transport other than a car, from Italy to England to transport a truffle. Clarkson used the Veyron, while Hammond and May used a variety of transport, with May flying the Cessna 182 due to his newly obtained pilot's licence, and the use of the Eurostar, when it was revealed that May was not qualified to fly at night. Apparently, so far, Bugatti has not given Top Gear approval for a Power Lap in the Veyron in an attempt at the record time, now held by the Koenigsegg CCX (with the Top Gear spoiler).
• The Veyron's handbrake features ABS, allowing it to be used to stop the car in case the main brakes fail.
• At 230 mph the Veyron 'consumes' 10,000 gallons of air per minute, as much as the average person inhales in 4 days
• On another Top Gear episode (broadcast on 4 February 2007) James May tested the car's top speed of 253 mph at Ehra-Lessien in Germany, which has a straight piece of track of 5.5 miles long, suitable for the test. Upon reaching the top speed of 407 km/h (253 mph), James May mentioned that he was "covering one football pitch every second" . In the after-comments section he said that the whole experience was rather disorienting, as he thought he had stopped and was ready to open the door when he looked at the speedometer and it was still at 70 mph. It is not known if this was his first test around the track or if he had many beforehand.
• On the same episode James May stated that upon full speed the Veyron's tires would burst after 15 minutes, however this was not an issue because it would go through its entire fuel load within 12 minutes
• On March 4, 2007, a privately owned Veyron lost control in the wet and was involved in a road crash with a Vauxhall Astra van. The accident occurred in heavy rain on a 40mph section of Renfree Way, Shepperton ,Surrey, England. A pregnant woman in the van was not injured, but was taken to hospital as a precaution and released; no other injuries were recorded. The Veyron driver was reported by police for driving without due care and attention.